alexandrite natural of photo stone

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361. Understanding alexandrite prices, value and appraisal at Alexandrite discussion forums | Alexandrite guide: Understanding alexandrite prices, value and appraisal at Alexandrite discussion forums | Alexandrite guide; HTML, 25 Kb, 2007-02-18 16:03:56; /discussion/post/-understanding-alexandrite-prices-value-and-appraisal-FRM-162-00001
362. What is the difference between chrysoberyl and alexandrite? at Alexandrite discussion forums | Alexandrite guide: What is the difference between chrysoberyl and alexandrite? at Alexandrite discussion forums | Alexandrite guide; HTML, 25 Kb, 2009-03-19 22:15:42; /discussion/topic/what-is-the-difference-between-chrysoberyl-and-ale-FRM-302
363. Color change: There are four major methods of changing the colors of gemstones. These are surface painting or foiling the back, oiling, coating, impregnating, staining of porous stones, heat treatment, and irradiation by particles of atomic size and X-rays. The color c; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:40; /chapters/glossary/color-change.html
364. Beryl: A transparent to semitransparent, cyclo-silicate mineral species. Varieties of beryl are emerald, aquamarine, heliodor or golden beryl, bixbite, goshenite, maxixe, and morganite. Rare spelling: berylline. Sometimes showing chatoyancy and exhibiting star e; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:14; /chapters/glossary/beryl.html
365. American Gem Society: A non-profit professional organization of jewelers funded by Robert Shipley in 1934.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:11; /chapters/glossary/american-gem-society.html
366. Alexandrium: An artificial gem comprised of lithium aluminum silicate and made in a variety of colors. Neodymium as a coloring agents yields pink lavender colors. A vivid, laser blue variety blue is colored by copper.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:07; /chapters/glossary/alexandrium.html
367. Alexandrite-like synthetics: Suitably-colored, synthetic sapphire and spinel, used to imitate alexandrite.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:05; /chapters/glossary/alexandrite-like-synthetics.html
368. Alexandrite garnet: A misleading term for a garnet, which display color change.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:00; /chapters/glossary/alexandrite-garnet.html
369. Alexandrite doublet: A misleading term for both suitably colored synthetic sapphire and spinel, which are used to create alexandrite doublet.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:02:58; /chapters/glossary/alexandrite-doublet.html
370. Incandescence: The emission of light by a substance due to high temperatures: white or bright-red heat. When objects such as iron placed in fire it become dull red by 700 C degree. From 700 C degree to 1500 C degree, the color shifted from red to orange and definitely y; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:54; /chapters/glossary/incandescence.html
371. Inclusion in chrysoberyl: The chrysoberyl crystal is penetrated by microscopic tubes, two-phase or relatively short needles parallel to the vertical or c-axis of the crystal, suitable for cut en cabochon. In brown and yellow varieties can be seen. The so-called stepped twin planes; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:56; /chapters/glossary/inclusion-in-chrysoberyl.html
372. Inclusions: A general name for any small visible foreign matter such as gas, liquid, glass, or mineral enclosed within a gemstone or rock, which is a growth phenomena. Fracture or cleavage in a gemstone are not classed as inclusions. The nature of inclusions are used; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:58; /chapters/glossary/inclusions.html
373. Beryllium: A steely, uncorrodible, white metallic element, in the group II of the Periodic System, with the chemical symbol Be. Used as an alloy.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:16; /chapters/glossary/beryllium.html
374. Birthstone: A gemstone that has been associated, by superstitions and religious tradition as appropriate to the time or month of one's birth. There are also birthstones for days, hours, signs of the zodiac, and seasons. Also called natal-stone.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:18; /chapters/glossary/birthstone.html
375. Clarity grading: The classification of fashioned gemstones or diamonds according to their clarity using the standard nomenclature of terms: flawless, pure, clean, perfect (for top grade). VVS (very very slightly included), VS (very slightly included), SI (slightly include; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:38; /chapters/glossary/clarity-grading.html
376. Chrysoberyl: A hard, important gem mineral, of which alexandrite and cymophane are two varieties. Occasionally a greenish chatoyancy can be seen which was formerly known as cymophane, but is now called chrysoberyl cat's eye, or oriental cat's eye, when cut en cabochon; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:36; /chapters/glossary/chrysoberyl.html
377. Chromium: A grayish-white, hard, brittle, non-corrosive metallic element in the Group VIB of the Periodic System, obtained from chromite. One of the eight metallic elements, mainly responsible for green or red color in very important gem minerals such as emerald, r; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:34; /chapters/glossary/chromium.html
378. Chemical composition: The weight of elements or component parts, in percentage in a rock.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:32; /chapters/glossary/chemical-composition.html
379. Chatoyancy: An optical effect, possessed by certain translucent gemstones in reflecting light, in which a movable, wavy or silky sheen is concentrated in a narrow band of white light that changes its position, when the gem is turned. This is a characterized of cat's; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:30; /chapters/glossary/chatoyancy.html
380. Carat: A unit employed in weighing diamonds, pearls, and other gemstones, which formerly ranged from 185.5 to 205.3 milligrams. Now the International metric carat is equal to 0.2 gram, or 200 milligrams and this is the standard in a majority of countries. Abbrev; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:29; /chapters/glossary/carat.html
381. Cabochon: An unfaceted, highly polished, cut gemstone, in which the top of the gem forms a dome-shaped or curved, convex surface. The base may be flat, convex or concave. The girdle outline may be round, oval, square, triangular, polygonal, or any other fancy shape; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:27; /chapters/glossary/cabochon.html
382. Brazilian cat's eye: Chrysoberyl cat's eye from various gem-bearing districts of Minas-Gerais, Brazil.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:22; /chapters/glossary/brazilian-cat-s-eye.html
383. Blue Alexandrite: A misleading term for alexandrite-like sapphire.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:20; /chapters/glossary/blue-alexandrite.html
384. Index of refraction: In crystal optics, a number indicating the speed of the velocity of light in a vacuum or air to its velocity in a given crystal. The refractive index (RI) of a crystal can be expressed as ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angl; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:00; /chapters/glossary/index-of-refraction.html
385. Irradiation: The process of exposing certain diamond or other pale or poorly colored gemstone to radiation, such as in nuclear reactor, X-rays, neutrons from an atomic pile, deuterons a nucleus of the heavy hydrogen atom, gamma rays from a cobalt-60, electrons positiv; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:02; /chapters/glossary/irradiation.html
386. Reflection: The turning back of wave from surface, on which they are incident according to the definite law of reflection. A small part of ray 17.2% of incident light striking the surface vertically is reflected from the surface (the 17.2% is upper limit of reflected; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:42; /chapters/glossary/reflection.html
387. Ray: A narrow beam of light, which emanate from a single bright source that proceed in one direction.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:40; /chapters/glossary/ray.html
388. Radium fluorescence: Radium treatment of minerals such as beryl to produce a bluish-white fluorescence only on the basal planes. Under SWUV and LWUV light beryl fluoresces bluish-white.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:38; /chapters/glossary/radium-fluorescence.html
389. Quoin facets: The four quadrilateral facets of 8 main facets on the crown or on the pavilion of a brilliant-cut stone, which are also called bezel facets. The 4 on the crown touching the girdle with their apex and extending up to touch the table. There are four lozenge; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:33; /chapters/glossary/quoin-facets.html
390. Quinoline: An oily colorless, specific odor, insoluble, basic heterocyclic with the formula C9H7N. Composed synthetically by heating aniline, nitrobenzene, glycerol, and sulfuric acid. Used as food preservative and in the manufacture of dyes and antiseptics. R.I. -; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:31; /chapters/glossary/quinoline.html
391. Quench crackled synthetic corundum: An unusual feature occur in Verneuil synthetic corundum by plunging of still heated stone into a much cooler liquid (thermal shock), which create fractures and it resemble closely to natural stone. By pursuing of this process developed honeycomb pattern d; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:29; /chapters/glossary/quench-crackled-synthetic-corundum.html
392. Quartz, cat's-eye: A variety of translucent, grayish-green to greenish yellow chatoyant quartz or chalcedony containing fine parallel fibers of asbestos or parallel channels, arranged through the stone at right angles to the eye and parallel to the base of the crystal, that; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:27; /chapters/glossary/quartz-cat-s-eye.html
393. Quantum: Quantum of light or electromagnetic radiation, it can behave as a wave or as a particle. Traveling at the velocity of light. Photon have momentum but not mass or electrical charge. Also known as light quantum. Caused by excitation of atoms and molecules a; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:25; /chapters/glossary/quantum.html
394. Physical properties: Physical properties of gemstones are extremely important in understanding geological phenomena in synthesizing new materials, and identification of minerals. Physical properties and chemical composition of minerals change with temperature and pressure. P; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:22; /chapters/glossary/physical-properties.html
395. Refractive index measurement: Several methods are available for the measurement of refractive indices such as refractometer for total reflection, immersion method in liquid for Beck effect, shadow method, and minimum deviation method.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:44; /chapters/glossary/refractive-index-measurement.html
396. Silica: Dioxide of silicon (SiO2), which appeared in five crystalline polymorphous such as quartz (alpha and beta), tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, and stichovite, in cryptocrystalline such as chalcedony and chert, and in amorphous such as opal (a hydrated sili; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:47; /chapters/glossary/silica.html
397. Thermolumnescence: A variety of luminescence where certain rocks of minerals showing the property due to application of heat or infrared. Some diamonds exhibits blue thermoluminescence, when heated to about 200 C. Thermoluminescence emitted when the color traps are disappea; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:05; /chapters/glossary/thermolumnescence.html
398. Magma: A naturally occurring molten or semi-molten material in suspension, with dissolved gases, generated within or beneath the earth's crust and capable of intrusion and extrusion. Magma, which is extruded on the surface of the earth is called lava.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:38; /chapters/glossary/magma.html
399. Thermochroism: The science of high temperature of one subject to change its color, because by increasing of temperature expands the bond length of lattice, reduced the ligand field. A red compound of 10% Cr2O3 and 90% Al2O3 by increasing the temperature to over 400 C th; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:03; /chapters/glossary/thermochroism.html
400. Synthetic alexandrite: A misleading term for synthetic spinel or corundum (sapphire), which is able to change color like alexandrite reddish-green in daylight and reddish at artificially light, such stones were at first misnomered as scientific alexandrite. Synthetic sapphire; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:00; /chapters/glossary/synthetic-alexandrite.html
401. Synthetic: Artificially made substance that has the same appearance, physical properties and chemical compound as its natural counterpart mineral. Some synthetic stones have no counterpart in nature they are synthetic gemstones except if they used as an imitation fo; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:58; /chapters/glossary/synthetic.html
402. Spectrum: Any array of electromagnetic visible light ordered according to its constituent wavelengths or colors, when the white light is dispersed by a prism or diffraction grating, ranging from about 750 to about 400 nm. The spectra can obtained by means of spectr; HTML, 27 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:54; /chapters/glossary/spectrum.html
403. Spectroscope: A small hand optical device for obtaining and visually observing spectrum, in which collimated light passes through a narrow slit onto either a prism or diffraction grating, its spectrum being viewed by a lens system or telescope. The angle between the c; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:53; /chapters/glossary/spectroscope.html
404. Specific gravity: The ratio of the weight of any substance to that of pure water at temperature of 3.98 C (39.2 F) degree and standard atmospheric pressure. Specific gravity of gems and minerals are determined by means by hydrostatic weighing method.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:51; /chapters/glossary/specific-gravity.html
405. Simulant: To simulate or imitate a natural gemstone, which is made from components that are easier, cheaper or more convenient to manufacture. Simulated stone having superficial appearance to the true stone but differs from it either in chemical composition, struct; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:06:49; /chapters/glossary/simulant.html
406. Jewel: A fashioned ornament for personal adornment, which is made of noble metals mounted with natural, synthetic, or imitation gemstones.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:05; /chapters/glossary/jewel.html
407. Corundum: An aluminum oxide, it occurs as shapeless grains and masses (emery), rhombohedral crystals. Ruby contains traces of chromium oxide, when red and Fe2O3, which modified the color. The color of sapphire results from a combination of titanium and iron oxides,; HTML, 28 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:41; /chapters/glossary/corundum.html
408. What do I need to check before purchasing alexandrite gemstone?: First and foremost, we need to look at the quality and strength of the color change. A strong change where the colors are bright and attractive under any kind of light is most desirable. Many stones are either a beautiful green in daylight or a nice pinki; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-29 08:12:28; /chapters/faq/what-do-i-need-to-check-before-purchasing-alexandrite-gemstone.html
409. X-ray spectrum: Several characteristic lines of the spectrum of X-ray, which are emitted by a bombardment of material with electrons such as curved dark lines on the films produced by X-ray method of powder diffraction of stone or minerals.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:55; /chapters/glossary/x-ray-spectrum.html
410. X-ray fluorescence: If a crystal is irradiated by an intense X-ray or gamma-ray beam, this includes the substance to emit its visible characteristic secondary X-ray line spectra of a longer wavelength, which is known as X-ray fluorescence. It is a nondestructive method. Used; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:53; /chapters/glossary/x-ray-fluorescence.html
411. X-ray filters: To generate monochromatic X-rays or line spectrums only one wavelength used is a suitable selective filter made of very thin layers of metal elements. There have one or two atomic numbers lower than the target metal such as nickel with atomic number 28 us; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:52; /chapters/glossary/x-ray-filters.html
412. X-ray crystal spectrometer: A device to obtain an X-ray spectrum for determining the wavelength of its chemical consistent. Each element, when irradiated by electrons, emits X-ray of several characteristic frequencies the line spectrum depending on the atomic number.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:50; /chapters/glossary/x-ray-crystal-spectrometer.html
413. Mineral: A loose and inexact term that may be to define: usually homogeneous inorganic substance of definite physical properties and more or less chemical composition, which occur naturally in the earth, and usually possess a crystalline structure, which frequentl; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:45; /chapters/glossary/mineral.html
414. Mineralogy: The scientific study of minerals; their formation, occurrence, chemical composition, physical properties, and their classification. Oryctognosy and oryctology are obsolete terms.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:47; /chapters/glossary/mineralogy.html
415. Moh's hardness scale: The most commonly used ten standard scale of relative hardness of minerals. The scale is expressed in numbers ranging from 1 through 10: (1) talc, (2) gypsum, (3) calcite, (4) fluorite, (5) apatite, (6) orthoclase, (7) quartz, (8) topaz, (9) corundum, (10; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:49; /chapters/glossary/moh-s-hardness-scale.html
416. Natural: A mineral or substance, which occurs in nature; opposite of synthetic or man-made.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:53; /chapters/glossary/natural.html
417. Heavy minerals: Minerals having a high specific gravity, which are separated in the laboratory from light minerals by use of heavy liquid, such as bromoform. Generally grains heavier than bromoform constitute the heavy minerals.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:43; /chapters/glossary/heavy-minerals.html
418. Y-axis: One of the 3 optic axes and intermediate axis in biaxial crystal.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:07:59; /chapters/glossary/y-axis.html
419. Yehuda treatment: A colorless glass-like material used as an impregnation or filling agent to improve the appearance and reduce the visibility of inclusions in stones such as diamonds and emeralds.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:01; /chapters/glossary/yehuda-treatment.html
420. Mica schist: Schist consisting largely of micas and quartz.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:44; /chapters/glossary/mica-schist.html
421. Zoning: The straight, parallel growth-lines in the internal structure of a gemstone with definite angles, usually seen in some stones, which occur by slightly variation in the chemical composition within the crystal due to separation or interruptions of the cryst; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:17; /chapters/glossary/zoning.html
422. Zone of crystal faces: In crystallography a characteristic feature of a serie faces of a crystal where those intersection lines with each other are all parallel.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:16; /chapters/glossary/zone-of-crystal-faces.html
423. Zone axis: A line runs through the center of a crystal, to which all faces of a given zone are parallel.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:13; /chapters/glossary/zone-axis.html
424. Zone: A group of crystal faced intersection, which are parallel to a common line.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:12; /chapters/glossary/zone.html
425. Zonary growth: Zonary growing of crystals bounded by plane crystal faces, which occur by slight variation in the composition of a crystal due to separation or interruptions of the crystal phases during growth.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:10; /chapters/glossary/zonary-growth.html
426. Yttrium: A dark gray, silvery luster, rare earth metallic element of the Periodic System with the symbol Y. Flammable when powder from. Used in alloys and as a metal deoxidizer.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:06; /chapters/glossary/yttrium.html
427. Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision: The theory that the eye contains three different groups of retinal fibers (cones) with maximum response to three primary colors to red-yellow, green, and blue violet, which are parts of the spectrum.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:04; /chapters/glossary/young-helmholtz-theory-of-color-vision.html
428. Yellow chrysoberyl: Yellow greenish to light yellow or brown chrysoberyl, which contains ferric iron as an impurity. Has an absorption spectrum band at first part of the violet at 444 nm, which can be seen in some chrysoberyl cat's-eye.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:08:02; /chapters/glossary/yellow-chrysoberyl.html
429. Heated stone: Any gemstone that has been heated to change its color or improve the color, such as blue zircon, hyacinth, burnt amethyst, white chalcedony, smoky quartz and many aquamarines.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:42; /chapters/glossary/heated-stone.html
430. Hardness: The quality of resistance or property of minerals, gemstones, etc., which is determined by reference to an empirical scale of standard of minerals. Hardness is the resistance of a mineral offered to abrasion or scratching (scelerometric). The absolute har; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:40; /chapters/glossary/hardness.html
431. Eye perfect: Undesirable term that means no internal flaws that is visible to the unaided eye of a diamond-clarity grader.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:12; /chapters/glossary/eye-perfect.html
432. Electronic colorimeter: An instrument to measure the color of brilliants.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:10; /chapters/glossary/electronic-colorimeter.html
433. Electron microscope: A powerful optical instrument, which uses a stream of electrons or X-ray radiation instead of light focused by electron lenses to throw shadows of opaque object on a fluorescent viewing screen or photographic plate in a manner similar to that, in which a; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:07; /chapters/glossary/electron-microscope.html
434. Durability: The degree of ability of a gemstone to withstand the effects of abrasion, scratching, impact, and chemical action, etc. The durability of a gemstone depends on chemical composition and both of its hardness and toughness. A mineral may be quite tough but r; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:03; /chapters/glossary/durability.html
435. Dolomite: A common rock-forming rhombohedral mineral from carbonate group, which is used for large objects. It is prized by collectors. Massive variety misnomerly known as dolomite marble. Banded material in red, yellow, green brown, and white from north America is; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:01; /chapters/glossary/dolomite.html
436. Diamond: An isometric mineral, representing a naturally occurring crystalline form of pure carbon polymorphous with graphite, chaoite, and lonsdaleite and being the hardest substance known. Found in volcanic neck, volcanic pipe, and alluvial deposits. Cut into var; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:00; /chapters/glossary/diamond.html
437. Density: The weight (mass) of a substance per unit volume at a stated temperature, measured in kilograms per cubic meter, Kg/m3 or gm/cm3. The comparison of the weight of a given space of a gemstone with the weight of a similar space of another gem.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:58; /chapters/glossary/density.html
438. Czochralski technique: A method of growing synthetic crystal by high-melting point devised by Czochralski and is named as Czochralski pulling technique. Where a seed crystal is gently lowered until it is in contrast with pure melt in the crucible and it is then pulled slowly up; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:52; /chapters/glossary/czochralski-technique.html
439. Crystal structure formation: The regular, orderly, periodic or repeated arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystal.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:45; /chapters/glossary/crystal-structure-formation.html
440. Eyepiece: Any lens or combination of lenses acting virtually as a magnifying lens in a microscope nearest the eye of the observer. Also called ocular, or ocular lens.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:14; /chapters/glossary/eyepiece.html
441. Facet: A term applied to a polished plane-geometrical surface of a cut diamond or other gemstone of various shapes and sizes. In French spelled facette.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:18; /chapters/glossary/facet.html
442. GIA Gem Trade Laboratory: A subsidiary company of the Gemological Institute of America Enterprises, which provides professional grading and identification for the diamond and colored stone industries.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:36; /chapters/glossary/gia-gem-trade-laboratory.html
443. General form: In each crystal class there is a form, in which the faces, of which intersect all of the crystallographic axes at different lengths with the symbol {hkl}. In the orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic crystal system {111} is a general form. All other for; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:34; /chapters/glossary/general-form.html
444. Gemstone cuts: Any forms or styles used in the fashioning of gemstones such as antique cut, brilliant cut, emerald cut, baguette, cabochon, rose cut, etc.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:32; /chapters/glossary/gemstone-cuts.html
445. Gemstone: Any rough mineral or other material natural or synthetic, which possesses the necessary attractiveness, brilliance, beauty, rarity, color dispersion, refraction, color or colorless, flawless, portability, fashionably, and durability for use in gem industr; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:30; /chapters/glossary/gemstone.html
446. Garnets: An isomorphous group of minerals with general formula 8[A3B2(SiO4)3]. Cubic system. Mainly dodecahedral or tetragonal trioctahedral crystals. Vitreous to resinous luster. No cleavage. Conchoidal to uneven fracture. Brittle to tough. Garnets are divided in; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:29; /chapters/glossary/garnets.html
447. Flux-grown synthetic alexandrite: Synthetic alexandrite crystals are made by flux-fusion method by annexing Fe, and Cr manufactured in USA and Japan.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:25; /chapters/glossary/flux-grown-synthetic-alexandrite.html
448. Flux-fusion method: This is a technique used to make certain synthetic gemstones such as emerald, ruby, spinel, quartz, Alexandrite, YAG, etc., man-made crystals growing in a high melting solvent or flux. The material or composition of desired synthetic crystal (beryllium an; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:23; /chapters/glossary/flux-fusion-method.html
449. Flux inclusions: Inclusions, which are produce by hydrothermal synthetic emeralds by presence of wispy or veillike groups, manufactured by Chatham, Gilson, and Zerfass. That is an unmistakable characteristic of flux-fusion or flux-melt method.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:21; /chapters/glossary/flux-inclusions.html
450. Fluorescence: A variety of luminescence. Certain materials display an effect of producing visible electromagnetic light, when irradiated by ultraviolet light, cathode ray or X-rays, or other forms of radiation of an appropriate wavelength. The emitted light has another; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:19; /chapters/glossary/fluorescence.html

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Alexandrite

alexandrite natural of photo stone

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