alexandrite natural of photo stone

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201. Beryl: A transparent to semitransparent, cyclo-silicate mineral species. Varieties of beryl are emerald, aquamarine, heliodor or golden beryl, bixbite, goshenite, maxixe, and morganite. Rare spelling: berylline. Sometimes showing chatoyancy and exhibiting star e; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:14; /chapters/glossary/beryl.html
202. Beryllium: A steely, uncorrodible, white metallic element, in the group II of the Periodic System, with the chemical symbol Be. Used as an alloy.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:16; /chapters/glossary/beryllium.html
203. Birthstone: A gemstone that has been associated, by superstitions and religious tradition as appropriate to the time or month of one's birth. There are also birthstones for days, hours, signs of the zodiac, and seasons. Also called natal-stone.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:18; /chapters/glossary/birthstone.html
204. Blue Alexandrite: A misleading term for alexandrite-like sapphire.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:20; /chapters/glossary/blue-alexandrite.html
205. Brazilian cat's eye: Chrysoberyl cat's eye from various gem-bearing districts of Minas-Gerais, Brazil.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:22; /chapters/glossary/brazilian-cat-s-eye.html
206. Cabochon: An unfaceted, highly polished, cut gemstone, in which the top of the gem forms a dome-shaped or curved, convex surface. The base may be flat, convex or concave. The girdle outline may be round, oval, square, triangular, polygonal, or any other fancy shape; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:27; /chapters/glossary/cabochon.html
207. Carat: A unit employed in weighing diamonds, pearls, and other gemstones, which formerly ranged from 185.5 to 205.3 milligrams. Now the International metric carat is equal to 0.2 gram, or 200 milligrams and this is the standard in a majority of countries. Abbrev; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:29; /chapters/glossary/carat.html
208. Chatoyancy: An optical effect, possessed by certain translucent gemstones in reflecting light, in which a movable, wavy or silky sheen is concentrated in a narrow band of white light that changes its position, when the gem is turned. This is a characterized of cat's; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:30; /chapters/glossary/chatoyancy.html
209. Chemical composition: The weight of elements or component parts, in percentage in a rock.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:32; /chapters/glossary/chemical-composition.html
210. Chromium: A grayish-white, hard, brittle, non-corrosive metallic element in the Group VIB of the Periodic System, obtained from chromite. One of the eight metallic elements, mainly responsible for green or red color in very important gem minerals such as emerald, r; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:34; /chapters/glossary/chromium.html
211. Chrysoberyl: A hard, important gem mineral, of which alexandrite and cymophane are two varieties. Occasionally a greenish chatoyancy can be seen which was formerly known as cymophane, but is now called chrysoberyl cat's eye, or oriental cat's eye, when cut en cabochon; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:36; /chapters/glossary/chrysoberyl.html
212. Clarity grading: The classification of fashioned gemstones or diamonds according to their clarity using the standard nomenclature of terms: flawless, pure, clean, perfect (for top grade). VVS (very very slightly included), VS (very slightly included), SI (slightly include; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:38; /chapters/glossary/clarity-grading.html
213. Color change: There are four major methods of changing the colors of gemstones. These are surface painting or foiling the back, oiling, coating, impregnating, staining of porous stones, heat treatment, and irradiation by particles of atomic size and X-rays. The color c; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:40; /chapters/glossary/color-change.html
214. Corundum: An aluminum oxide, it occurs as shapeless grains and masses (emery), rhombohedral crystals. Ruby contains traces of chromium oxide, when red and Fe2O3, which modified the color. The color of sapphire results from a combination of titanium and iron oxides,; HTML, 28 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:41; /chapters/glossary/corundum.html
215. Crystal: A regular polyhedral solid form of a definite internal atomic structure, bounded by natural plane surfaces. This definite arrangement directly influences the physical and optical properties. Crystals are classified into seven systems according to the symm; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:43; /chapters/glossary/crystal.html
216. Crystal structure formation: The regular, orderly, periodic or repeated arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystal.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:45; /chapters/glossary/crystal-structure-formation.html
217. Cymophane: The term is applied specially to a variety of chrysoberyl exhibiting a girasol or chatoyant effect, when cut en cabochon.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:49; /chapters/glossary/cymophane.html
218. Czochralski technique: A method of growing synthetic crystal by high-melting point devised by Czochralski and is named as Czochralski pulling technique. Where a seed crystal is gently lowered until it is in contrast with pure melt in the crucible and it is then pulled slowly up; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:52; /chapters/glossary/czochralski-technique.html
219. Density: The weight (mass) of a substance per unit volume at a stated temperature, measured in kilograms per cubic meter, Kg/m3 or gm/cm3. The comparison of the weight of a given space of a gemstone with the weight of a similar space of another gem.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:03:58; /chapters/glossary/density.html
220. Diamond: An isometric mineral, representing a naturally occurring crystalline form of pure carbon polymorphous with graphite, chaoite, and lonsdaleite and being the hardest substance known. Found in volcanic neck, volcanic pipe, and alluvial deposits. Cut into var; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:00; /chapters/glossary/diamond.html
221. Dolomite: A common rock-forming rhombohedral mineral from carbonate group, which is used for large objects. It is prized by collectors. Massive variety misnomerly known as dolomite marble. Banded material in red, yellow, green brown, and white from north America is; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:01; /chapters/glossary/dolomite.html
222. Durability: The degree of ability of a gemstone to withstand the effects of abrasion, scratching, impact, and chemical action, etc. The durability of a gemstone depends on chemical composition and both of its hardness and toughness. A mineral may be quite tough but r; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:03; /chapters/glossary/durability.html
223. Electron microscope: A powerful optical instrument, which uses a stream of electrons or X-ray radiation instead of light focused by electron lenses to throw shadows of opaque object on a fluorescent viewing screen or photographic plate in a manner similar to that, in which a; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:07; /chapters/glossary/electron-microscope.html
224. Electronic colorimeter: An instrument to measure the color of brilliants.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:10; /chapters/glossary/electronic-colorimeter.html
225. Eye perfect: Undesirable term that means no internal flaws that is visible to the unaided eye of a diamond-clarity grader.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:12; /chapters/glossary/eye-perfect.html
226. Eyepiece: Any lens or combination of lenses acting virtually as a magnifying lens in a microscope nearest the eye of the observer. Also called ocular, or ocular lens.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:14; /chapters/glossary/eyepiece.html
227. Facet: A term applied to a polished plane-geometrical surface of a cut diamond or other gemstone of various shapes and sizes. In French spelled facette.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:18; /chapters/glossary/facet.html
228. Fluorescence: A variety of luminescence. Certain materials display an effect of producing visible electromagnetic light, when irradiated by ultraviolet light, cathode ray or X-rays, or other forms of radiation of an appropriate wavelength. The emitted light has another; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:19; /chapters/glossary/fluorescence.html
229. Flux inclusions: Inclusions, which are produce by hydrothermal synthetic emeralds by presence of wispy or veillike groups, manufactured by Chatham, Gilson, and Zerfass. That is an unmistakable characteristic of flux-fusion or flux-melt method.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:21; /chapters/glossary/flux-inclusions.html
230. Flux-fusion method: This is a technique used to make certain synthetic gemstones such as emerald, ruby, spinel, quartz, Alexandrite, YAG, etc., man-made crystals growing in a high melting solvent or flux. The material or composition of desired synthetic crystal (beryllium an; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:23; /chapters/glossary/flux-fusion-method.html
231. Flux-grown synthetic alexandrite: Synthetic alexandrite crystals are made by flux-fusion method by annexing Fe, and Cr manufactured in USA and Japan.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:25; /chapters/glossary/flux-grown-synthetic-alexandrite.html
232. Garnets: An isomorphous group of minerals with general formula 8[A3B2(SiO4)3]. Cubic system. Mainly dodecahedral or tetragonal trioctahedral crystals. Vitreous to resinous luster. No cleavage. Conchoidal to uneven fracture. Brittle to tough. Garnets are divided in; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:29; /chapters/glossary/garnets.html
233. Gemstone: Any rough mineral or other material natural or synthetic, which possesses the necessary attractiveness, brilliance, beauty, rarity, color dispersion, refraction, color or colorless, flawless, portability, fashionably, and durability for use in gem industr; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:30; /chapters/glossary/gemstone.html
234. Gemstone cuts: Any forms or styles used in the fashioning of gemstones such as antique cut, brilliant cut, emerald cut, baguette, cabochon, rose cut, etc.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:32; /chapters/glossary/gemstone-cuts.html
235. General form: In each crystal class there is a form, in which the faces, of which intersect all of the crystallographic axes at different lengths with the symbol {hkl}. In the orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic crystal system {111} is a general form. All other for; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:34; /chapters/glossary/general-form.html
236. GIA Gem Trade Laboratory: A subsidiary company of the Gemological Institute of America Enterprises, which provides professional grading and identification for the diamond and colored stone industries.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:36; /chapters/glossary/gia-gem-trade-laboratory.html
237. Hardness: The quality of resistance or property of minerals, gemstones, etc., which is determined by reference to an empirical scale of standard of minerals. Hardness is the resistance of a mineral offered to abrasion or scratching (scelerometric). The absolute har; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:40; /chapters/glossary/hardness.html
238. Heated stone: Any gemstone that has been heated to change its color or improve the color, such as blue zircon, hyacinth, burnt amethyst, white chalcedony, smoky quartz and many aquamarines.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:42; /chapters/glossary/heated-stone.html
239. Heavy minerals: Minerals having a high specific gravity, which are separated in the laboratory from light minerals by use of heavy liquid, such as bromoform. Generally grains heavier than bromoform constitute the heavy minerals.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:43; /chapters/glossary/heavy-minerals.html
240. Host crystal: A crystal or mineral that contains the inclusions of smaller crystals of different minerals or may be is the same as host mineral.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:45; /chapters/glossary/host-crystal.html
241. Hue: The characteristic color that is determined by its wavelength as red, green, blue, purple, yellow, etc., and excludes white, black, and shades of gray in reference to the visible spectrum of light.; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:47; /chapters/glossary/hue.html
242. Imitation: To result something of a genuine article or natural gemstone or simulate it from any material that imitate by its color, the appearance of a natural gemstone. Imitation gemstone having wholly different physical properties and chemical composition, and hen; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:51; /chapters/glossary/imitation.html
243. Inamori synthetic pulled alexandrite: A promotion term for synthetic alexandrite or alexandrite cat's-eye made by Kyocera company, Japan.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:52; /chapters/glossary/inamori-synthetic-pulled-alexandrite.html
244. Incandescence: The emission of light by a substance due to high temperatures: white or bright-red heat. When objects such as iron placed in fire it become dull red by 700 C degree. From 700 C degree to 1500 C degree, the color shifted from red to orange and definitely y; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:54; /chapters/glossary/incandescence.html
245. Inclusion in chrysoberyl: The chrysoberyl crystal is penetrated by microscopic tubes, two-phase or relatively short needles parallel to the vertical or c-axis of the crystal, suitable for cut en cabochon. In brown and yellow varieties can be seen. The so-called stepped twin planes; HTML, 24 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:56; /chapters/glossary/inclusion-in-chrysoberyl.html
246. Inclusions: A general name for any small visible foreign matter such as gas, liquid, glass, or mineral enclosed within a gemstone or rock, which is a growth phenomena. Fracture or cleavage in a gemstone are not classed as inclusions. The nature of inclusions are used; HTML, 26 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:04:58; /chapters/glossary/inclusions.html
247. Index of refraction: In crystal optics, a number indicating the speed of the velocity of light in a vacuum or air to its velocity in a given crystal. The refractive index (RI) of a crystal can be expressed as ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angl; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:00; /chapters/glossary/index-of-refraction.html
248. Irradiation: The process of exposing certain diamond or other pale or poorly colored gemstone to radiation, such as in nuclear reactor, X-rays, neutrons from an atomic pile, deuterons a nucleus of the heavy hydrogen atom, gamma rays from a cobalt-60, electrons positiv; HTML, 25 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:02; /chapters/glossary/irradiation.html
249. Jewel: A fashioned ornament for personal adornment, which is made of noble metals mounted with natural, synthetic, or imitation gemstones.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:05; /chapters/glossary/jewel.html
250. Jewel enamel: An enamel made of special porcelain used in jewelry as insignia and art objects.; HTML, 23 Kb, 2008-07-20 13:05:07; /chapters/glossary/jewel-enamel.html

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Alexandrite

alexandrite natural of photo stone

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