Synthetic alexandrite made in three methods in Russia, (a) growing synthetic stones of solution-growth process or flux process specially for alexandrite, (b) Growing stone of floating-zone process. (c) Melt-grown process or so-called pulling method.
Testing a gemstone on a refractometer prism, when the stone has a greater refractive index than the measuring prism of the device, or higher than the refractive index of immersion liquid used for optical contact, the scale of refractometer remains dark an
The most commonly used ten standard scale of relative hardness of minerals. The scale is expressed in numbers ranging from 1 through 10: (1) talc, (2) gypsum, (3) calcite, (4) fluorite, (5) apatite, (6) orthoclase, (7) quartz, (8) topaz, (9) corundum, (10
The scientific study of minerals; their formation, occurrence, chemical composition, physical properties, and their classification. Oryctognosy and oryctology are obsolete terms.
A loose and inexact term that may be to define: usually homogeneous inorganic substance of definite physical properties and more or less chemical composition, which occur naturally in the earth, and usually possess a crystalline structure, which frequentl
Any rock, which has been derived from pre-existing rocks by mineralogical, chemical composition, textural and structural changing, essentially in the solid state due to processes operating in the earth's crust of heat or intense pressure, shearing stress,
A naturally occurring molten or semi-molten material in suspension, with dissolved gases, generated within or beneath the earth's crust and capable of intrusion and extrusion. Magma, which is extruded on the surface of the earth is called lava.