The distance between two points having the same phase on the following or preceding wave. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is equal to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency =c/v. It is measured in nanometers unit.
A natural geological description for disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals as consequent exposure to atmospheric agents at or near the Earth's surface such as chemical action of air, rainwater, frost, insolation, bacteria, plants, and mec
Unfortunately, most alexandrites show either a nice color in daylight or an attractive color under incandescent light. Rarely are both colors bright and vivid and often stones that change to bright red under incandescent light are only brown or almost bla
The cat's-eye effect is caused by the reflection of light off of minute, parallel, needle-like rutile crystals or hollow tubes within the stone. Cat's eye inclusions are aligned parallel to the crystallographic axis and the stones are always cut as caboch
First and foremost, we need to look at the quality and strength of the color change. A strong change where the colors are bright and attractive under any kind of light is most desirable. Many stones are either a beautiful green in daylight or a nice pinki
With a hardness of 8.5, Alexandrite is a tough, hard, and durable gemstone that doesn't require any special attention. Still, even the hardest gemstones can shatter with a single well-placed blow so caution is always a good idea. Washing dishes with your
Cat's eye is the popular name for an optical effect known as chatoyancy in the gemological nomenclature. Microscopic needle-like inclusions inside the stone reflect a streak of light that appears to open and close as the stone is rotated -- hence the eye
Chrysoberyl is the species name and Alexandrite is the variety name. Alexandrite is that variety of chrysoberyl that changes color as a function of the light source; green in daylight and red under incandescent light.
Alexandrite is an expensive gemstone because it so rare and production has always been limited. For years, the only source for alexandrite was Russia. In the last 20 or 30 years several new discoveries of alexandrite have been reported but production of s
Fine alexandrites or alexandrite jewelry can be purchased from jewelers specializing in colored gemstones, at trade shows, from TV sellers, at high end jewelry auctions, or online from websites specialized in alexandrite. You would be unlikely to find a h
The most well known gemological laboratories are listed below and all of them are equipped to test alexandrite. Most gemological laboratories only identify gemstones, they do not appraise them.
Although Russian alexandrites have the most historical value, fine stones are occasionally available from deposits in Brazil, India, Tanzania, Madagascar, and Sri Lanka. Unfortunately, there has been little production of alexandrites from any deposit in r
Alexandrite is a trichroic gemstone which absorbs and reflects light differently in each of its three optical directions. Spectroscopic analysis reveals a different absorption spectrum for each of the three optical directions. The differences in absorptio
Natural alexandrite is not better than synthetic alexandrite but natural alexandrite is very rare and uncommon in modern jewelry because it is hardly ever available and because it is too expensive for the general public to buy. Even lower quality more inc
The produced wavelengths of X-rays according to the electromagnetic theory of light consisting of continuous band of wavelengths, which are a mixture of all wavelengths. Depends on the used voltage of apparatus, which is know as white X-ray radiation or g
A device to obtain an X-ray spectrum for determining the wavelength of its chemical consistent. Each element, when irradiated by electrons, emits X-ray of several characteristic frequencies the line spectrum depending on the atomic number.
To generate monochromatic X-rays or line spectrums only one wavelength used is a suitable selective filter made of very thin layers of metal elements. There have one or two atomic numbers lower than the target metal such as nickel with atomic number 28 us
If a crystal is irradiated by an intense X-ray or gamma-ray beam, this includes the substance to emit its visible characteristic secondary X-ray line spectra of a longer wavelength, which is known as X-ray fluorescence. It is a nondestructive method. Used
Several characteristic lines of the spectrum of X-ray, which are emitted by a bombardment of material with electrons such as curved dark lines on the films produced by X-ray method of powder diffraction of stone or minerals.
A colorless glass-like material used as an impregnation or filling agent to improve the appearance and reduce the visibility of inclusions in stones such as diamonds and emeralds.
Yellow greenish to light yellow or brown chrysoberyl, which contains ferric iron as an impurity. Has an absorption spectrum band at first part of the violet at 444 nm, which can be seen in some chrysoberyl cat's-eye.
The theory that the eye contains three different groups of retinal fibers (cones) with maximum response to three primary colors to red-yellow, green, and blue violet, which are parts of the spectrum.
A dark gray, silvery luster, rare earth metallic element of the Periodic System with the symbol Y. Flammable when powder from. Used in alloys and as a metal deoxidizer.
Leading gemmological educational institution in Japan has been providing professional education in the field for the past 30 years.
Zenhokyo Laboratory is equipped with the most professional and advanced testing devices and systems, including inductive
Zonary growing of crystals bounded by plane crystal faces, which occur by slight variation in the composition of a crystal due to separation or interruptions of the crystal phases during growth.
The straight, parallel growth-lines in the internal structure of a gemstone with definite angles, usually seen in some stones, which occur by slightly variation in the chemical composition within the crystal due to separation or interruptions of the cryst