The process of exposing certain diamond or other pale or poorly colored gemstone to radiation, such as in nuclear reactor, X-rays, neutrons from an atomic pile, deuterons a nucleus of the heavy hydrogen atom, gamma rays from a cobalt-60, electrons positiv
Along with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, top quality alexandrites are among the most expensive gemstones in the world. In larger sizes over 4.00 or 5.00cts., Burmese rubies are more rare and expensive than alexandrites but in sizes below 1.00cts., alexa
The mining of alexandrite in Russia lasted less than 100 years from the time it was discovered in 1833 to the early 1900’s. It was George Kunz, the gemologist/gemstone buyer for Tiffany & Co that probably did the most to popularize this unique gemst
Jewellers Vigilance Canada (JVC) was established in 1987 as an independent non-profit association with a mandate to advance ethical practices, establish a level playing field for the Canadian jewellery industry and provide crime prevention education for t
A number of decorative articles made artistically of gold, platinum, silver, and precious stones that are worn for personal adornment, such as bracelets, rings, necklaces, etc.
Indian gem lore was from ancient times famous for its good quality and richness. There are several famous gems in other museums such as Timur Ruby, Koh-i-Nur Diamond, etc. Most famous part of Indian jewels was in possession oh Maharajah Duleep Singh.
In metallurgy a unit that expresses only to the purity of solid gold used in jewelry. In trade based on a scale of twenty-fourths, 24 karat means pure gold, 18 karat gold means, containing 18 parts gold to 6 parts of alloy, and 9 karat gold means, contain
An acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. A device that emits UV to infra red electromagnetic energy, that is a nearly parallel, nearly monochromatic and coherent beam of light of very restricted diameter formed by causing exi
In optics, the reduction of the light intensity in transmission through an absorbing substance or in reflection from a surface, in crystals, minerals and gems. Absorption may vary with wavelengths of vibration in the direction of the transmitted light or
The emission of certain visible wavelengths of light from a substance other than thermal process, which are used as diagnostic determination of gemstones. It is caused by the emission of photons, when an exited atom within the substance returns to the gro
A naturally occurring molten or semi-molten material in suspension, with dissolved gases, generated within or beneath the earth's crust and capable of intrusion and extrusion. Magma, which is extruded on the surface of the earth is called lava.
Any rock, which has been derived from pre-existing rocks by mineralogical, chemical composition, textural and structural changing, essentially in the solid state due to processes operating in the earth's crust of heat or intense pressure, shearing stress,
A loose and inexact term that may be to define: usually homogeneous inorganic substance of definite physical properties and more or less chemical composition, which occur naturally in the earth, and usually possess a crystalline structure, which frequentl
The scientific study of minerals; their formation, occurrence, chemical composition, physical properties, and their classification. Oryctognosy and oryctology are obsolete terms.
The most commonly used ten standard scale of relative hardness of minerals. The scale is expressed in numbers ranging from 1 through 10: (1) talc, (2) gypsum, (3) calcite, (4) fluorite, (5) apatite, (6) orthoclase, (7) quartz, (8) topaz, (9) corundum, (10